人为干扰下子午岭次生林土壤生态因子动态变化

对黄土高原陕西子午岭次生林区不同人为扰动条件下林地土壤容重、有机质、团聚体和微生物等进行了研究.结果表明,人为干扰(砍伐与开垦)对土壤生态因子影响较大,随干扰程度加剧,土壤理化性质变差,土壤有机质由2.2%下降到0.8%.土壤稳定性团聚体减少30%;微生物数量由1×10⁹个·g^-1干土下降到8×10⁷个·g^-1干土,土壤退化严重.在同一干扰类型的土壤剖面上,土壤有机质和土壤微生物随土层深度的增加分别减少了50%和90%,并且在不同干扰强度下变化幅度略有差异.土壤容重由表层的0.9 g·cm^-3增加到1.21 g·cm^-3,呈增大趋势.同一干扰类型土壤理化性质在沟缘线上下存在一定差别,沟缘线以下样地表现出较好的土壤理化性质和较高的微生物量.

Dynamic changes of soil ecological factors in Ziwuling secondary forest area under human disturbance

As a widespread natural phenomenon, disturbance is considered as a discrete event occurred in natural ecosystems at various spatial and temporal scales. The occurrence of disturbance directly affects the structure, function and dynamics of ecosystems. Forest logging and forestland assart, the common human disturbances in forest area, have caused the dynamic changes of forest soil ecological factors in a relatively consistent environment. A study on the dynamics of soil bulk density, soil organic matter, soil microbes and other soil ecological factors under different human disturbance (logging and assart, logging but without assart, control) were conducted in the Ziwuling secondary forest area. The results indicated that human disturbance had a deep impact on the soil ecological factors, with soil physical and chemical properties become bad, soil organic matter decreased from 2.2% to 0.8%, and soil stable aggregates dropped more than 30%. The quantity of soil microbes decreased sharply with enhanced human disturbance. Soil organic matter and soil microbes decreased more than 50% and 90%, respectively, and soil bulk density increased from 0.9 to 1.21 g x cm(-3) with increasing soil depth. Ditch edge level also affected the dynamics of soil factors under the same disturbance, with a better soil ecological condition at low-than at high ditch edge level.