Antiesterase activity and toxicity of O,O-dialkyl-S-ethoxycarbonylbromomethylthiophosphates

The interaction of potential pesticides, O,O-dialkyl S-ethoxycarbonylbromomethylthiophosphates (RO)2P(O)SCH(Br)COOC2H5 (R = Et, i-Pr, n-Pr, n-Bu, n-Am, or n-Hx) with the esterases of warm-blooded animals [acetylcholinesterase (ACE), butyryl cholinesterase (BCE), and carboxyl esterase (CE)] was studied. The acute toxicities of these compounds for mice were determined. All the compounds were non-hydrolyzable by CE and capable of irreversible inhibition of all these esterases with ki (M-1 min-1) of 1.2 x 10(5)-6 x 10(6), 2.0 x 10(6)-1.5 x 10(8), and 2.0 x 10(8), respectively. By using multiple regression analysis, we found that the steric factor plays a significant role in the inhibition of ACE, with the steric hindrances manifesting themselves even at the sorption stage. On the other hand, hydrophobic interactions predominate in the case of BCE, while steric properties of its substituents exert a markedly weaker effect and manifest themselves at the phosphorylation stage. We suggested the presence of an electrophilic region in the active site of ACE, which can interact with the ethoxycarbonyl group of the thiophosphates under study. The decrease in toxicities and the affinities to BCE and CE were found to correlate with an increase in the length of n-alkyl substituents of the compounds studied. This suggests that the unspecific esterases play a significant role as a buffer system in the exhibition of toxic effects by the thiophosphates under consideration.