Distribution of functional traits in subtropical trees across environmental and forest use gradients |
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| Affiliation: | 1. CONICET, Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, CC 34, Yerba Buena, 4107, Tucumán, Argentina;2. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 45, San Salvador de Jujuy, 4600, Jujuy, Argentina;3. Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n, Barrio de María Auxiliadora, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, 20290, Mexico;1. Institute of Landscape Ecology and Resource Management, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (IFZ), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, DE-35392 Giessen, Germany;2. Faculty of Nature and Technology (Faculty 5), University of Applied Sciences Bremen, Neustadtswall 30, DE-28199 Bremen, Germany;3. Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway;4. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, P.O. Box 5685, Sluppen, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway;5. Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-98107 Abisko, Sweden;6. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, DE-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;1. Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil;2. Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil;3. Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil;1. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Universitario, Mendoza, CP M5502JMA, Argentina;2. Instituto Argentino de Nivología y Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), Centro Científico Tecnológico (CCT) CONICET, Mendoza, Av. A. Ruiz Leal s/n Parque General San Martín, Mendoza, CP 5500, C. C. 503, Argentina;3. Department of Biology, John Carroll University, 1 John Carroll Blvd., University Heights, OH, 44118, USA;1. UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Av. 24 A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil;2. ESALQ – Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, USP – Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Caixa Postal 9, Piracicaba, CEP 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil;3. UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. 24 A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil;1. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Herpetologia, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil;2. Probiota Consultoria Ambiental Ltda, CEP 05578-070, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;3. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Museu de Zoologia João Moojen, CEP 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil;1. Área de Zoología, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, s/n, E-45071, Toledo, Spain;2. Grupo de Investigación de la Biodiversidad Genética y Cultural, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain;3. Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), C/ José 13 Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain |
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| Abstract: | The relationship between functional traits and environmental factors contribute to understanding community structure and predicting which species will be able to elude environmental filters in different habitats. We selected 10 functional traits related to morphology, demography and regeneration niche in 54 subtropical premontane tree species to describe their main axes of functional differentiation. We derived species traits, environmental variables and species abundance data from 20 1-ha permanent plots established in a seasonal subtropical premontane forest in northwestern Argentina. We analyzed the relationship between species functional traits and environmental factors through RLQ and fourth-corner analyzes. We found an axis of structural differentiation that segregates understory from canopy species, and an axis of functional differentiation that segregates species that maximize resource acquisition from those that promote resource conservation. Environmental and forest use gradients operate hierarchically over subtropical premontane tree species influencing the distribution of demographic and morphological traits. The interaction between climatic and topographic factors influences the distribution of species functional traits at the regional scale. In addition, the history of forest use seems to operate at the landscape scale and explains the distribution of species traits reflecting a trade-off between resource acquisition and resource conservation strategies in secondary forests across different successional stages. Our results support the idea that functional traits may be used to analyze community structure and dynamics through niche differentiation and environmental filtering processes. |
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| Keywords: | Demographic rates RLQ analysis Seasonal premontane forests Shade tolerance Tree functional types Tree morphology |
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