Rho family GTPases: Making it to the third dimension |
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| Institution: | 1. Organ Transplant Research Section, Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC 03, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;2. Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC 03, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;1. Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Civic Hospital of Brescia, Italy;2. Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy;3. Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Anatomy and Physiopathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy;4. Integrated Systems Engineering (ISE), Milan, Italy;5. IRGB-CNR, Milan, Italy;6. IRCCS-Multimedica, Milan, Italy |
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| Abstract: | The role of Rho family GTPases in controlling the actin cytoskeleton and thereby regulating cell migration has been well studied for cells migrating on 2D surfaces. In vivo, cell migration occurs within three-dimensional matrices and along aligned collagen fibers with rather different spatial requirements. Recently, a handful of studies coupled with new approaches have demonstrated that Rho GTPases have unique regulation and roles during cell migration within 3D matrices, along collagen fibers, and in vivo. Here we propose that migration on aligned matrices facilitates spatial organization of Rho family GTPases to restrict and stabilize protrusions in the principle direction of alignment, thereby maintaining persistent migration. The result is coordinated cell movement that ultimately leads to higher rates of metastasis in vivo. |
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| Keywords: | Cell migration Rho GTPases 3D extracellular matrix Matrix alignment Metastasis |
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