Epigenetic-based therapy: From single- to multi-target approaches |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università di Napoli, Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy;2. Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica, Adriano Buzzati Traverso, CNR-IGB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy;1. Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Postboks 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway;2. European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France;3. Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;4. SINTEF MiNaLab, Department of Microsystems and Nanotechnology, Gaustadalléen 23 C, Oslo, Norway;5. Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Postboks 1048 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway;6. Centre for Material Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, Postboks 1048 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway;1. Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;1. The Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, Israel;2. Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel;3. Department of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel;1. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan;2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Program, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA;3. Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Sciences, CHA University, Seoul, South Korea;4. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates;5. Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA;6. NUPALS Liaison R/D Center, Niigata, Japan;7. Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA;1. GW Pharmaceuticals plc, Sovereign House, Vision Park, Histon, Cambridge, CB24 9BZ, UK;2. Endocannabinoid Research Group, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio Olivetti, 80078, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy |
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| Abstract: | The treatment of cancer has traditionally been based on the identification of a single molecule and/or enzymatic function (target) responsible for a particular phenotype, and therefore on the ability to stimulate, attenuate or inhibit its activity through the use of selective compounds. However, cancer is no longer considered a disease caused by a single factor, but is now recognized as a multi-factorial disorder. Genetic, epigenetic and metabolic factors all contribute to neoplasia, causing significant changes in molecular networks that govern cell growth, development, death and specialization. Consequently, many antitumor therapies are no longer directed against a single target but the biological system as a whole, in which functions determining the onset and maintenance of a physio-pathological state are modulated. The field of epi-drug discovery is currently in a transitional phase where the search for putative anticancer drugs is shifting from single-target-oriented molecules to network-active compounds and to epi-drugs used in combination with other epi-agents and with traditional chemotherapeutics. This review illustrates the pros and cons of each therapeutic option, providing examples in support of single-target and multi (network)-target epi-drug approaches. |
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| Keywords: | Epigenetics Drug discovery Multi epi-target approaches Single epi-target approaches Cancer therapy |
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