Comparing existing weeds and commonly used insectary plants as floral resources for a parasitoid |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;2. Bio-Protection Research Centre, PO Box 85084, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand;1. Institut Agroforestal Mediterrani, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain;2. R&D Department, Biobest Belgium N.V, Westerlo, Belgium;1. TERRA AgricultureIsLife, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;2. Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Department of Agronomy, Biology and Chemistry, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;3. State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Rd., Haidian District, 100193 Beijing, China;4. Biodiversity and Landscapes, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;1. Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec H1X 2B2, Canada;2. Centre de Recherche et de Développement en Horticulture, Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, 430 boul. Gouin, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Québec J3B 3E6, Canada;3. UMR 7263 IMBE, Aix Marseille Université – CNRS – IRD – Université d’Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Université d''Avignon, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, 84916 Avignon Cedex 09, France |
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| Abstract: | The potential consequences of deploying weed and non-weed floral resources in a three trophic-level system were evaluated in the laboratory. Four flowering plants were used: the two common weeds shepherd’s purse Capsella bursa-pastoris (globally widespread) and white rocket Diplotaxis erucoides (a common weed in Europe) and two common flowering plants: buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum and alyssum Lobularia maritima. Adults of the aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae were exposed to flowering buckwheat and survived 4–5 times longer than those in the control (water only) and 2–3 times longer than when provided with flowering alyssum, or the other two species. All plant species significantly increased parasitoid longevity, egg load and achieved fecundity compared with the control, with buckwheat having the greatest effect. This work illustrates that the functional diversity of ‘weeds’, if appropriately managed, has potential to enhance biological control efficacy without the need for agronomic and other challenges which are involved in adding specific non-crop flowering plants such as buckwheat to agroecosystems. In the field, factors such as the plants’ phenology, agronomy and competitiveness with the crop will need to be evaluated before they can be truly ranked. |
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| Keywords: | Biological control |
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