Natural parasitism of Romanomermis iyengari (Welch) (Nematoda: Mermithidae) on various species of mosquitoes breeding in rice fields in Pondicherry,India |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;2. The UWA Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;3. Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India;4. Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), Bharatpur 321 303, Rajasthan, India;5. Oilseeds Section, C. C. S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India;6. Oil Crops Research Institute (OCRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China;1. Department of Chemistry, Govt. Science College of Graduates, Samanabad, Faisalabad, Pakisthan;2. Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan;3. Food Safety Research Centre (FOSREC), Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;4. Food Toxicology Lab., Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), P.O. Box 128, Faisalabad 38950, Pakistan;5. University Hospital, Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, Ulm, Germany;1. Bargerveen Foundation, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;2. Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;3. Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands;1. PETROBRAS – CENPES Centro de Pesquisas e Desenvolvimento Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Mello, 21941-915, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;2. IPR – Instituto do Petróleo e dos Recursos Naturais, PUCRS – Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, Brazil;3. PETROBRAS – E&P EXPLORATION, 20031-170, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;1. Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria;2. Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Cag University, Mersin, Turkey;1. Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;2. Department of Electronics & Information Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;3. Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518067, China;4. National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China |
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| Abstract: | Natural habitat of Romanomermis iyengari, an entomophilic mermithid nematode, is rice field. Parasitism of this nematode on mosquito larvae breeding in rice fields in Pondicherry, India, has been studied in 1979. The present study was to find out its persistence in the same habitat, after many years of agricultural practices. Evaluation of parasitism on mosquito larvae was carried out during two rice cultivation seasons at a schedule of 1 week prior, and 1 and 2 weeks after transplantation of paddy. Larval stages of mosquito species such as Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex vishnui, Anopheles vagus, and Anopheles subpictus showed parasitism of R. iyengari. Parasitism was the highest on C. tritaeniorhynchus with a maximum of 15.38% during season I and 17.85% during season II. Followed by this, it was on A. vagus (10.82% and 9.43%), C. vishnui (7.37% and 8.69%), and A. subpictus (3.70% and 6.36%). The overall density of mosquito larvae and level of parasitism of R. iyengari on them during season II was significantly higher than that of season I. The parasitism was maximum at 1 week before transplantation and showed a decreasing trend towards 2 weeks after transplantation, during both the seasons. The level of natural parasitism of R. iyengari during the present investigation was higher than that observed in the same ecosystem almost 35 years ago. This is clearly an indication towards the capability of the nematode to withstand several years of agricultural practices, including pesticide and agrichemical application. Hence, if applied at sufficient level and frequency, this nematode could act as a successful biocontrol agent against mosquitoes breeding in rice fields. |
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| Keywords: | Nematode parasite Biological control Mosquito larvae Rice field |
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