IL-18 polymorphisms in hepatitis B virus related liver disease

Interleukine-18 (IL-18) was originally called interferon (INF-γ) inducing factor and plays a critical dual role in Th1 polarization and viral clearance. We aimed to explore whether single-nucleotide promoter polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with the outcome of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. 271 HBV infected patients were recruited in this study out of these 109 were spontaneously recovered and 162 were diagnosed to be having persistent HBV infection which includes 48 chronic hepatitis, 84 liver cirrhosis, 30 HCC cases and were compared with 280 healthy controls. IL-18 promoter genotyping was performed with sequence-specific primers. The results demonstrated the significant involvement of genotype AA at position -607 in healthy controls (38.6%) when compared to cases (26.0%) (OR = 0.54 (0.385–0.797)) and also associated with spontaneous clearance (37.6%) compared to persistent HBV infections (17.9%) (OR = 2.76 (1.582–4.832)). Whereas, genotype CC at position -607 in cases (18.0%) when compared to healthy controls (6.7%) (OR = 3.03 (1.734–5.303)) also associated with persistent HBV infections (24.1%) compared to spontaneous clearance (9.2%) (OR = 0.31 (0.151–0.67)). And genotype GC at position -137 in cases (49.5%) compared to healthy controls (38.5%) (OR = 1.55 (1.11–2.18)). Whereas, genotype GG at position -137 in healthy controls (56.8%) compared to cases (45.4%) (OR = 0.63 (0.451–0.885)). No significant difference at position -137 was observed between spontaneous clearance and persistent HBV infections. These polymorphisms of the IL-18 gene promoter region at position -607 and -137 could be associated with different outcomes of HBV infection. The people with allele A at position -607 may be protected against HBV infection; moreover AA genotype is associated with spontaneous clearance.