The biocontrol potential of Philodromus (Araneae,Philodromidae) spiders for the suppression of pome fruit orchard pests |
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| Institution: | 1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;2. School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China;3. UCL Department of Geography, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;4. Agricultural University of Iceland, Keldnaholt, Reykjavik, Iceland;1. Centre for Integrated Pest Management, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, UK;2. Imperial College London, Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK;1. Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil;3. Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil;4. Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil;1. Dept Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany;2. Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany;3. Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Lleida, Spain;4. Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany;5. CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain;6. Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain;7. Dept Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden;8. Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Asturias, Spain;9. Dept Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden;10. Dept Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden;1. Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic;2. Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic;3. UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Gal Leclerc, 35042, Rennes, France |
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| Abstract: | A number of different generalist (polyphagous) predators occur in agroecosystems. Yet their biocontrol potential has been little investigated in detail. Philodromus species (Philodromidae) belong to the dominant spider species occurring in commercial orchards. We studied in detail the trophic functional traits of Philodromus albidus, Philodromus aureolus, and Philodromus cespitum (Philodromidae) by means of (1) the analysis of natural prey; and (2) experiments on acceptance of a variety of prey taxa. We found that the three philodromids are euryphagous. We classified prey species into three categories according to their function in the orchard: beneficial species, indifferent species, and pests. Philodromid spiders captured mostly other spiders in the field because spiders were most available. As concerns pests, the philodromids preyed mostly on Brachycera and Sternorrhyncha. They selected Acari and Brachycera. Indifferent species, such as Collembola and Nematocera, were also highly selected. In the laboratory, philodromids accepted mostly pests, such as lepidopterans, brachycerans, and aphids, while other spiders were accepted the least. The three philodromids have differentiated trophic niches with respect to prey size not only in the adult stage but throughout their ontogenetic development: P. albidus utilized smaller prey than the other two species. We conclude that the philodromids have a potential as biocontrol agents because they prey mostly on pests but their predation pressure is reduced due to higher selectivity for the indifferent fauna. |
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| Keywords: | Trophic niche Diet Euryphagy Prey type Prey size Prey selection |
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