不同冬季气候条件下的麦田蜘蛛群落结构和优势种繁殖情况

1998～1999年、1999～2000年在武汉地区使用陷阱法系统采样,研究了大麦田蜘蛛群落结构,比较了不同的冬天气候因素对麦田蜘蛛群落结构的影响.使用Berger-Parker优势度指数分析了调查时间段大麦田的地面优势种蜘蛛.结果显示,1998～1999年的优势种蜘蛛为皿蛛科蜘蛛,隆背微蛛Erigone prominens Boes. et Str.在大麦的全生长期均为优势种.1999～2000年,主要的优势种蜘蛛为狼蛛科的类水狼株Pirata piratoides Boes.et Str.、沟渠豹蛛Pardosa laura Karsch和拟环纹豹蛛Pardosa pseudoannulata (Boes.et Str.).另外,通过各优势种蜘蛛雄蛛的个体数变化,探讨了各优势种蜘蛛在田间的交配繁殖情况.结果表明,冬天气候对蜘蛛的交配时期有明显影响.在暖冬天气,大多数种类的交配比冷冬提前.一般情况下,各优势种蜘蛛能在麦田繁殖1代.另外,还对平腹蛛科的2种蜘蛛的雄蛛在田间的活动情况进行了描述.

Ground Spider Community Structure and Reproduction of Dominant Species in Different Winter Climate

By means of pit-fall traps, the variation of species and individual number of the ground spider community in barley-field were investigated over November 1998-May 1999 and November 1999-May 2000.The spider community structure was found affected by different winter climate. In 1998-1999,the dominant species was Erigone prominens.In 1999-2000,the main dominant species were Pirata piratoides,Pardosa laura,Pardosa pseudoannulata.The activity of the male spiders during their mating period give them potential to show their breeding period.The variation of numbers of male spiders were used to analyses the reproduction of dominant species.The results showed climatic elements affecting the reproduction of some species. Warm winter climate caused some kind of spiders' breeding period ahead of schedule compared with normal winter climate. And the reproduction of Gnaphosidae was described, little report was found about the breeding period of Gnaphosidae.