A ganglioside-induced toxic soluble Abeta assembly. Its enhanced formation from Abeta bearing the Arctic mutation |
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Authors: | Yamamoto Naoki Matsubara Etsuro Maeda Sumihiro Minagawa Hirohisa Takashima Akihiko Maruyama Wakako Michikawa Makoto Yanagisawa Katsuhiko |
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Institution: | Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8522, Japan. |
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Abstract: | The mechanism underlying plaque-independent neuronal death in Alzheimer disease (AD), which is probably responsible for early cognitive decline in AD patients, remains unclarified. Here, we show that a toxic soluble Abeta assembly (TAbeta) is formed in the presence of liposomes containing GM1 ganglioside more rapidly and to a greater extent from a hereditary variant-type ("Arctic") Abeta than from wild-type Abeta. TAbeta is also formed from soluble Abeta through incubation with natural neuronal membranes prepared from aged mouse brains in a GM1 ganglioside-dependent manner. An oligomer-specific antibody (anti-Oligo) significantly suppresses TAbeta toxicity. Biophysical and structural analyses by atomic force microscopy and size exclusion chromatography revealed that TAbeta is spherical with diameters of 10-20 nm and molecular masses of 200-300 kDa. TAbeta induces neuronal death, which is abrogated by the small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of nerve growth factor receptors, including TrkA and p75 neurotrophin receptor. Our results suggest that soluble Abeta assemblies, such as TAbeta, can cause plaque-independent neuronal death that favorably occurs in nerve growth factor-dependent neurons in the cholinergic basal forebrain in AD. |
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