HMGB1-dependent and -independent autophagy |
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Authors: | Xiaofang Sun Daolin Tang |
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Institution: | 1.Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province; Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou, Guangdong China;2.Department of Surgery; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, PA USA |
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Abstract: | HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) is a multifunctional, ubiquitous protein located inside and outside cells that plays a critical role in various physiological and pathological processes including cell development, differentiation, inflammation, immunity, metastasis, metabolism, and death. Increasing evidence demonstrates that HMGB1-dependent autophagy promotes chemotherapy resistance, sustains tumor metabolism requirements and T cell survival, prevents polyglutamine aggregates and excitotoxicity, and protects against endotoxemia, bacterial infection, and ischemia-reperfusion injury in vitro or in vivo. In contrast, HMGB1 may not be required for autophagy in some organs such as the liver and heart. Understanding HMGB1-dependent and -independent autophagy in more detail will provide insight into the integrated stress response and guide HMGB1-based therapeutic intervention. |
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Keywords: | autophagy HMGB1 knockin knockout phenotype |
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