藏羚Y染色体雄性特异区遗传多样性

<正>遗传多样性反映了物种应对环境变化与进化的潜力，遗传多样性越高，对环境变化的适应能力就越强(沈浩和刘登义，2001)。对于经历过人类猎杀导致种群危机的野生物种，随着短时间内大量个体的消亡，很多潜在的优良基因单倍型也会丧失，在后续种群数量恢复过程中，这些单倍型并不会随着种群个体数量的增加而迅速恢复，即遗传多样性的恢复明显滞后于种群数量的恢复(Frankham et al., 2002)。

Genetic diversity of male specific region of Y chromosome in Tibetan antelope

Genetic diversity is an important indicator of population health, especially for assessing population recovery of endangered species. To characterize the genetic diversity of Tibetan antelope(Pantholops hodgsonii) populations, we used muscle and placental tissues from accidentally killed Tibetan antelopes in Qinghai and Xinjiang and screened 11 Tibetan antelope Y-SNP-specific loci from 30 published polymorphic Y-SNP loci in bovids, of which AMELY3 (g.723 C > T) and SRYOY1 (g.167 G > A) 2 pairs of primers were polymorphic. Based on the AMELY3 locus, the haplotype diversity of Tibetan antelope Y chromosome was 0.048 ± 0.045 and the nucleotide polymorphism was 0.00006 ± 0.00005. According to the SRYOY1 locus, Tibetan antelope was divided into two haplotypes, of which H1 (g.167 G) was the dominant haplotype. Maximum likelihood tree suggests that Tibetan antelope might have two paternal origins. The haplotype diversity of Tibetan antelope Y chromosome was 0.439 ± 0.050 and the nucleotide polymorphism was 0.0008 ± 0.0004. The genetic differentiation index showed that the F_ST value between the male population of Tibetan antelope in Qinghai and Xinjiang was 0.6846 ± 0.0389, suggesting a strong population genetic differentiation. Therefore, integrated conservation across regions and research on sex chromosomes need more attention in the future conservation of Tibetan antelope.