苹果炭疽叶枯病菌致病力分析及苹果种质抗病性鉴定

苹果炭疽叶枯病是由胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)引起的一种真菌病害,现已上升为世界苹果生产中的主要病害之一。了解不同来源的苹果炭疽叶枯病菌致病力差异及明确苹果种质资源对苹果炭疽叶枯病的抗性,对品种选育、品种合理布局以及控制病害的流行具有重要的参考价值。本研究对不同来源的79株病原菌进行了室内致病力测定,获知该菌致病力差异明显,其中强致病力菌株所占比例大。同时,本研究也对327份苹果种质资源进行了室内抗病性鉴定,其中高抗资源160份,中抗资源6份,中感资源22份,高感资源139份。表明我国现保存的苹果种质资源中存在丰富抗病种质。进一步按苹果分类系统分析发现,抗病资源在当前栽培的主要品种群中均有分布,特别是红玉品种群、富士品种群抗病资源最为丰富。

Pathogenicity differentiation of pathogen causing Glomerella leaf spot of apple (GLSA) and evaluation of resistance to GLSA in apple germplasms

Glomerella leaf spot of apple (GLSA) caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides has become a major apple disease in the world. Considering the pathogenicicty differentiation of the pathogen isolated from different origins and ascertaining the apple germplasm resistance to GLSA, will be of great value to resistance breeding of apple, rational distribution of varieties and disease management. The pathogenicity differentiation of seventy-nine strains isolated from the different origins was studied by pathogenicity test in vitro. Significant pathogenicity difference differentination was detected in C. gloeosporioides, and the high virulent strains occupied a higher proportion. In addition, three-hundred and twenty-seven apple germplasms response to GLSA were evaluated by inoculated detached leaves, and one-hundred and sixty-six highly resistant germplasms, six moderately resistant germplasms, twenty-two moderately susceptible germplasms, and one-hundred and thirty-nine highly susceptible germplasms were screened respectively. The results showed that there are abundant resistant germplasms in apple. Based on the classify system of apple, this study indicated that resistant germplasms were distributed in each apple cultivar groups, in particularly Fuji and Jonathan cultivar groups.