内蒙古西伯利亚杏种质资源表型多样性研究

为了明确内蒙古西伯利亚杏(Armeniaca sibirica(L.)Lam.)种质资源表型性状的变异特点和多样性,对来自14个种源的143份西伯利亚杏种质资源的37个表型性状进行聚类、相关性、主成分等分析。结果表明,内蒙古西伯利亚杏表型性状的变异系数均值为20.38%,单果重的变异系数(56.69%)最大,果形指数的变异系数(7.99%)最小,数量性状的Shannonweaver多样性信息指数(2.648)大于质量性状(0.265);各部位数量性状变异系数大小顺序为叶果核仁,多样性信息指数大小顺序为叶核仁果。基于37个表型性状数据,将种质资源分为4个类群:第Ⅰ类群核仁大且饱满,适用于选育大仁品种;第Ⅱ类群核壳薄,出仁率高,丰产潜力大;第Ⅲ类群核壳厚,适用于选育核壳用品种;第Ⅳ类群果实、果核、核仁均大但核仁不饱满,适用于改良并选育仁用杏品种。数量性状的前6个主成分累计方差贡献率达到87.20%,反映的信息与聚类分析和相关分析结果基本一致。核干重、仁干重、出核率、出仁率等经济性状受果核性状指标的影响较大,结合相关性分析和主成分分析,23个数量性状可简化为单果重、核干重、仁干重、核侧径、核壳厚、仁横径、果形指数、核形指数、仁形指数等9个主要性状。以上结果为西伯利亚杏的资源评价和品种选育提供了重要的物质基础和理论依据。

High-Level Genetic Diversity of Siberian Apricot (Armeniaca sibirica (L.) Lam) in Inner Mongolia as Revealed by Phenotypic traiting

The variation and the relationship of Armeniaca sibirica in Inner Mongolia were revealed by phenotyping. Cluster analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis were applied to analyze the 37 phenotypic traits of 143 individuals from 14 populations of Armeniaca sibirica. The results showed that there were significantly differences in genetic variation with average variation coefficient of 20.38%. The variation coefficient of single fruit weight was highest(56.69%), while the variation coefficient of fruit shape index was smallest(7.99%). The Shannon-Wiener information index of quantitative traits(2.648) was higher than qualitative traits(0.247), and which showed that there was high phenotypic diversity in Armeniaca sibirica. The degree of variation coefficient was highest for leaf, followed by fruit and nutlet,but lowest for kernel. The degree of the Shannon-Wiener information index was highest for leaf, followed by nutlet and kernel, but lowest for fruit. The tested Armeniaca sibirica individuals could be divided into four groups according to the cluster analysis. The kernels of first group were large and full, thin shell and high kernel rate were appeared in second group, the shells of third group were thick, large fruits and large nutlets as well as large kernels were appeared in the fourth group. Principal component analysis showed that the six principal components added up to 87.21% of the variation, with similarities to results of cluster analysis and correlation analysis. A significant relationship had occurred between phenotypic traits and some economic traits, like nutlet rate and kernel rate. Nine phenotypic traits, including single fruit weight, weight of dry nutlet, weight of dry kernel, nutlet side diameter, shell thickness, kernel horizontal diameter, fruit shape index, nutlet shape index, kernel shape index, were evaluated among the tested genetic resources. Phenotypic variation of Armeniaca sibirica in Inner Mongolia was rich, this will facilitate the studies of the genetic resources and breeding theoretically and practically.