Characterization and quantification of class 1 integrons and associated gene cassettes in sewage treatment plants |
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Authors: | Xu-Xiang Zhang Tong Zhang Ming Zhang Herbert H P Fang Shu-Pei Cheng |
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Institution: | (1) Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, P.O. Box 875701, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, USA;(2) School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Shinchon-dong 134, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea;(3) Present address: School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, #626, 302th Building of College of Engineering, San 56-1, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-744, Republic of Korea |
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Abstract: | Three hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactors (MBfR) biologically reduced nitrate and perchlorate in a synthetic ion-exchange
(IX) brine. Inocula from different natural saline environments were employed to initiate the three MBfRs. Under high-salinity
(3%) conditions, bioreduction of nitrate and perchlorate occurred simultaneously, and the three MBfRs from the different inocula
exhibited similar removal fluxes for nitrate and perchlorate. Clone libraries were generated from samples of the biofilms
in the three MBfRs and compared to those of their inocula. When H2 was the sole exogenous electron donor under high-salinity conditions, MBfR-driven community shifts were observed with a similar
pattern regardless of inoculum. The following 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of novel perchlorate-reducing
bacteria in the salt-tolerant mBfR communities. These findings suggest that autohydrogenotrophic and high-salinity conditions
provided strong selective pressure for novel perchlorate-reducing populations in the mBfRs.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
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Keywords: | Membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) Hydrogen Ion-exchange (IX) brine Nitrate Perchlorate |
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