Differential reactivity of individual zinc ions in clusters from bacterial metallothioneins |
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Authors: | Oksana I Leszczyszyn Stella E Keiper Gemma ZL Warren |
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Institution: | a Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK b Physiologische Chemie II, Biozentrum Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany c MOAC Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK |
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Abstract: | The bacterial metallothionein SmtA binds four zinc ions with high affinity and specificity in a Zn4S9N2 cluster. We have explored the reactivity of these zinc ions towards the metal-chelator EDTA. Under pseudo-first-order conditions, initial break-down of zinc-thiolate bonds is rapid, followed by several slower phases. The reaction with stoichiometric amounts of EDTA is relatively slow and has been followed by 1H NMR and mass spectrometry. Both methods reveal that partially metallated intermediates occur during the reaction. Three- and two-metal species are observed in only minor amounts, whereas the Zn1 species is dominant during the mid stages of the reaction, before complete metal depletion occurs. These results suggest that the zinc finger site in SmtA is not only inert towards metal exchange, but also more resilient towards chelating agents. The greater inertness of this site may help to maintain the protein fold during metal depletion, and allow subsequent facile metal uptake. Conversely, it is likely that the protein fold is the major contributor to the observed persistence of Zn1SmtA in this reaction. Mass spectrometric studies with His-to-Cys mutants of SmtA reveal that the primary site for EDTA attack is the His49-containing zinc site C, and that His40 has a major influence on the reactivity of three sites. |
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Keywords: | BmtA bacterial metallothionein EDTA ethylene-diamine tetraacetic acid ESI-MS electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry H40C His40Cys mutant of SmtA H49C His49Cys mutant of SmtA ICP-AES inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy IPTG d-thiogalactopyranoside" target="_blank">isopropyl β-d-thiogalactopyranoside Kd dissociation constant SmtA metallothionein from Synechococcus PCC 7942 Tris tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane |
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