基于Erns和E2基因的猪瘟标记疫苗研究概述

猪瘟(Classical swine fever,CSF)是猪的一种急性、热性和致死性传染病。该病流行范围很广,而且致死率极高,给世界养猪业造成严重危害。目前,猪瘟流行地区或国家仍然采用接种弱毒疫苗的方法作为预防猪瘟的主要策略,但接种弱毒疫苗的传统预防控制方法无法区别猪瘟疫苗免疫抗体和野毒感染抗体。为了净化、消灭猪瘟,新型标记疫苗的研究已迫在眉睫。近些年,陆续有国内外研究者应用分子生物学和基因工程方法,对猪瘟野毒株或弱毒株进行基因修饰构建出新毒株,其中以Erns和E2为基础构建新毒株的方法占据着重要地位。部分候选疫苗具有较好的免疫效果,可用于区分免疫和自然感染动物,而且有望作为新一代疫苗来替代传统弱毒疫苗。

Overview of researches on CSF marker vaccine based on Erns and E2

Classical swine fever (CSF) is a kind of infectious disease which could induce acute, febrile and fatal disease in swine. This disease displays with wild prevalence and high mortality, and could lead to significant damage for the pig industry all over the world. At present, most CSF epidemic countries or areas still prevent the CSF virus (CSFV) infection mainly by the vaccination of CSFV live-attenuated vaccine (LAV). However, the traditional LAV could not differentiate the CSFV antibody of vaccinated pigs from infected ones, so it is very urgent to develop the new tag vaccines to purge and even eliminate CSF. In recent years, many domestic and international researchers continuously modify the genome of CSFV wild strains or attenuated strains by molecular biology and genetic engineering methods to construct new LAVs allow differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA) , and most of which are established based on Erns and E2 genes. Among these DIVA vaccines, some candidate vaccines could produce good immune effects and could be used to diffrentiate naturally infected pigs from vaccinated ones, and they are hopeful to replace the traditional attenuated strain vaccines in the future.