The effect of prolonged flooding on the bark of mangrove trees |
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Authors: | Laura Yáñez-Espinosa Teresa Terrazas Guillermo Angeles |
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Institution: | (1) Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Altaír No. 200, Col. Del Llano, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, 78377, Mexico;(2) Programa de Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, km 36.5 carretera México-Texcoco, Montecillo, Estado de México, 56230, Mexico;(3) Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 70-233, México D.F, 04510, Mexico;(4) Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología A.C, Km. 2.5 carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, Congregación El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, 91070, Mexico |
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Abstract: | Growth and physiological response of woody plants to flooding have been analyzed in detail; however, relatively few studies
have been oriented towards the effects of water immersion on cambial activity and wood and bark anatomy of trees that are
growing in prolonged flooding conditions. These studies are important to understand the possible effects of predicted sea
level rising in mangroves as a consequence of global warming. We studied five species growing in a mangrove forest, sampling
three to six trees of each species, in sites that have the longest flooding period. Differences in bark appearance and phloem
structure between the submerged stem portion and the portion of the stem above the water surface exist in all species. Although
aerenchyma formation and stem hypertrophy are the most common events related to flooding, each type of tissue responded differently.
Annona glabra L., Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn f. and Hibiscus
tiliaceus L. developed rythidome. Avicennia germinans (L.) Stearn developed rythidome only in the submerged stem portion. Phyllanthus
elsiae Urb., developed one periderm in both stem portions. Species that developed rythidome also developed aerenchyma between periderms
and in the phellem. H. tiliaceus and P.
elsiae, showed the highest values for anatomical phloem and periderm characters below water surface, while an inverse tendency was
observed in A. glabra and L. racemosa, suggesting that prolonged flooding modifies vascular cambium and phellogen differently. Results indicate that sea level
rising would affect distribution of the species according to their specific flooding tolerance. |
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Keywords: | Bark structure Mangrove trees Flooding effects Aerenchyma Secondary phloem |
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