Faced with inequality: chicken do not have a general dosage compensation of sex-linked genes |
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Authors: | Hans Ellegren Lina Hultin-Rosenberg Björn Brunström Lennart Dencker Kim Kultima Birger Scholz |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyv?gen 18D, SE, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden 2. Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyv?gen 18D, SE, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden 3. Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 594, SE, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
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Abstract: | Background The contrasting dose of sex chromosomes in males and females potentially introduces a large-scale imbalance in levels of gene
expression between sexes, and between sex chromosomes and autosomes. In many organisms, dosage compensation has thus evolved
to equalize sex-linked gene expression in males and females. In mammals this is achieved by X chromosome inactivation and
in flies and worms by up- or down-regulation of X-linked expression, respectively. While otherwise widespread in systems with
heteromorphic sex chromosomes, the case of dosage compensation in birds (males ZZ, females ZW) remains an unsolved enigma. |
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