基于HPLC—MS的西藏天麻的化学成分分析与品质鉴定

目的：天麻具有许多药理作用和重要开发价值，通过探索天麻的未知化学成分和鉴定西藏天麻种群的品质，为深入研究、开发和利用西藏优良天麻种群提供科学技术支持。方法：本研究采用HLPC．MS（液质联用）技术测定西藏天麻的化学成分；采用高效液相色谱技术测定西藏6个天麻种群的生化指纹图谱，利用天麻素峰面积、数学公式和SPSS软件，计算和比较西藏6个天麻种群的平均天麻素含量和各种化学成分分离峰的总面。结果：从天麻块茎中发现了33个未报道的化学物质；西藏天麻的生化指纹图谱具有7个较大的共有特征分离峰，分别位于1．854、2．759、7．279、7．591、8．500、9．557、10．753min；根据生化指纹图谱特征可将它们分为三个主要类型；凡是带有一型生化指纹图谱的天麻个体和种群往往舍有更高的天麻素和更大的分离峰总面积。品质更优良。结论：西藏天麻种群3和种群6以一型生化指纹图谱为主，其天麻素含量最高，分离峰总面积最大，品质最优良，具有重要研究、开发和保护价值。本研究成果对于天麻的化学成分分析与鉴定、天麻种群和品质鉴定与评价以及西藏天麻的品种选优、资源保护与利用具有重要指导意义和科学价值。

Chemical Composition Analysis and Quality Identification of Gastrodia Tuber in Tibet Based on HPLC-MS

Objective： Gastrodia tuber has many pharmacological effects and important research and development value. Scientific and technical support was provided for further researching, developing and utilizing excellent populations of Gastrodia tuber in Tibet through exploring undiscovered chemical components of Gastrodia tuber, and identitying quality of Gastrodia tuber populations in Tibet. Methods： In this study, chemical components of Gastrodia tuber were determined using HLPC-MS （High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry） Technology. Biochemical fingerprints of 6 populations of Gastrodia tuber in Tibet were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. The average gastrodin content and average total area of chemical components resolved peaks of 6 Gastrodia tuber populations in Tibet were calculated, compared and analyzed using gastrodin peak area, mathematical formula and SPSS software. Results： Thirty-three chemical substances that were not reported were found in Gastrodia tuber. Biochemical fingerprints of Gastrodia tubers in Tibet have 7 large common characteristic peaks that are located at 1.854, 2.759, 7.279, 7.591, 8.500, 9.557 and 10.753min; all biochemical fingerprints may be divided into three main types according to their characteristics. All individuals and population of Gastrodia tuber with I type of biochemical fingerprint tend to contain more gastrodin, have greater total peak area and more excellent quality. Conclusion： The population 3 and 6 of Gastrodia tuber in Tibet possess mostly I type of biochemical fingerprint, the highest content of gastrodin, the maximum total peak area and the most excellent quality, have the important research, development and protection value. The results of this study have important guiding significance and scientific value for analyzing and identifying chemical composition of Gastrodia tuber, identifying and evaluating populations and quality of Gastrodia tuber and optimal selection of varieties, and protection and utilization of resources of Gastrodia tuber in Tibet.