Systemic immunity and mucosal immunity are induced against human immunodeficiency virus Gag protein in mice by a new hyperattenuated strain of Listeria monocytogenes |
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Authors: | Rayevskaya M V Frankel F R |
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Institution: | Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. |
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Abstract: | Vaccines designed to control chronic infections by intracellular agents such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) require the induction of cell-mediated immune responses to rid the host of pathogen-infected cells. Listeria monocytogenes has characteristics that make it an attractive vaccine vector for use against such infections. Here we show that parenteral immunization with a new highly attenuated strain of this organism provided complete protection against systemic and mucosal challenges with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing HIV-1 gag. Immunization also generated a strong, long-term memory cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte (CTL) response in spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches directed against the gag protein. Oral immunization with this attenuated strain also produced complete, long-lasting protection against the recombinant virus but only against mucosal virus challenge. Curiously, oral immunization was associated with a transient CTL response in the three lymphoid tissues examined. |
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