复合叶面肥对油桃和葡萄生长生理及果树品质的影响

我国北方一些地区因土壤pH高，导致其中有效性微量元素含量很低而不能满足果树植物的正常生长发育，进而导致严重的缺素症。通过土壤直接施肥或通过灌溉水将化肥施入土壤，肥料中的微量元素很快会被土壤固定，因而这些方法不能有效地解决缺素症问题。作者用5年时间研制成功了应用果树植物的系列复合叶面肥，这些叶面肥不仅含有植物所需的大量元素，而且含有微量元素、有机营养及植物生长调节剂；叶面肥的配方也因果树植物种类生长习性的不同而异。以油桃和葡萄为试材，喷施复合叶面肥72h后，叶片中叶绿体含量、硝酸还原酶活性、铁和锌含量显著提高；叶面肥还能增进油桃和葡萄果实品质，促进葡萄枝芽增重，但不会引起葡萄树体徙长。整个生长季节喷施复合叶面肥对树体均有益，但喷施间隔时间不应少7-10d。

Effect of compound fertilizers on growth physiology and fruit quality of nectarines and grapes

In some areas of North China,availabilities of minor elements are too low to supply for satisfactory growth of fruit trees because of high pH in soil,which caused some serious disorders in fruit trees.Growers tried to solve these problems by soil fertilizing directly or fertilizing with irrigation water.But these methods had little effect for the nutrient elements were quickly fixed by soil after fertilizing.It took the author five years to compound foliar fertilizers for the fruit trees in these areas.The compound fertilizers content minor elements,a few organic nutrients as well as major elements and the fertilizers have different formulas according to habit of the different kinds of the fruit trees.Chlorophyll contents,nitrate reductase activity,iron content and zinc content in the leaves were significantly increased after 72 h after nectarine trees and grapevines sprayed with fertilizers.The fertilizers could also improve fruit qualities of nectarines and grapes;increase bud weight of grape shoots but had no effect on vigorousness of grapevines.Spayed with the compound fertilizers is beneficial to the trees all the year round,the interval of the sprays being not less than 7 to 10 days.