Effects of cadmium on gas exchange and phytohormone contents in citrus

The effect of increased Cd²⁺ concentrations in the watering solution on citrus physiology was studied by using two citrus genotypes, Cleopatra mandarin and Carrizo citrange. Cadmium content in roots and leaves was tested together with measurements of leaf damage, gas exchange parameters, and hormonal contents. Citrus roots efficiently retained Cd²⁺ avoiding its translocation to the shoots and Cleopatra mandarin translocated less Cd²⁺ than Carrizo. With increasing Cd²⁺ concentration all gas exchange parameters were decreased more in Carrizo than in Cleopatra mandarin. Cd-induced increases in abscisic acid and salicylic acid contents were observed in leaves but not in roots of both genotypes.