Parasitism of Cotesia spp. Enhances Susceptibility of Plutella xylostella to Other Pathogens |
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| Affiliation: | 1. NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore;2. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore;3. Vector Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville MD 20852, USA;4. Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 842 06 Bratislava, Slovakia;5. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0614, USA;6. University of South Australia, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia;1. Departamento de Análises Clínicas Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas-Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil;2. Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia-Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil;3. Departamento de Imunologia-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;4. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil;5. Departamento de Parasitologia-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Two endoparasitoids, Cotesia plutellae and C. glomerata, parasitize the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, and induce significant host immunosuppression. This study analyzed the susceptibility changes of the parasitized P. xylostella against other pathogens using an entomopathogenic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila (Xn), and a viral pathogen, Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrosis virus (AcNPV). The P. xylostella parasitized by either C. plutellae or C. glomerata exhibited higher susceptibilities to both microbial pathogens than the nonpara-sitized. To determine the parasitism factors inducing the enhanced susceptibility, three polydnaviral genes so far successfully cloned were selected from C. plutellae bracovirus (CpBV). CpBV-lectin and CpBV15 α/β were inserted into AcNPV under a CpBV promote and analyzed in their pathogenicities against P. xylostella larvae. Two AcNPVs recombined with CpBV15α/β were more potent than the control AcNPV recombined with an enhanced green fluorescent protein gene or the AcNPV recombined with CpBV-lectin. These results suggest that the wasp parasitization enhances other pathogen susceptibilities by inducing host immunosuppression, in which the symbiotic polydnavirus can play significant role in the enhanced susceptibility. |
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