黑色素瘤的靶向治疗

黑色素瘤是常见的皮肤肿瘤,它放化疗的效果差,达卡巴嗪仍是目前晚期黑色素瘤化疗药物治疗中公认的金标准,但有效率仅8%~12%左右。现抗细胞毒T淋巴细胞相关抗原4(cytotoxic Tlymphocyte-associated antigen-4,CTLA-4)单抗和针对基因突变的分子靶向药物的出现,增加了治疗的手段并取得了好的疗效。这些药物在延长晚期黑色素瘤患者的生存期方面取得了令人瞩目的突破,有可能对晚期黑色素瘤患者的治疗进行彻底的革命,这为治疗晚期恶性黑色素瘤患者带来希望,在目前常用的药物中,虽然威罗菲尼和易普利姆玛被用来治疗转移性黑色素瘤,但他们都有局限性。威罗菲尼有效应答时间短,而易普利姆玛应答率低。本文就恶性黑色素瘤分子靶向治疗的研究进展进行综述,未来几年靶向药物的联合治疗及新的有效靶点的发现可能会成为黑色素瘤治疗的突破点。

Targeted therapy for Melanoma

Melanoma is a common skin tumor with poor response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Although the effective rateis only about 8% to 12%, dacarbazine is still currently accepted as the gold standard treatment of advanced melanoma. At present, theemergence of molecular targeted drugs for anti-ticilimumab tremelimumab and gene mutations, increases the treatment and obtainedgood curative effect. It has made remarkable breakthroughs in prolong survival in patients with advanced melanoma, which likely for thetreatment of patients with advanced melanoma a thorough revolution. Targeted therapy bring hopes to the patients with advancedmelanoma. In the present commonly used durgs, although vemurafenib and ipilimumab have been registered for the treatment ofmetastatic melanoma, both drugs showed limitations. Vemurafenib has short response duration, while ipilimumab shows low responserate. In this paper, the research progress of molecular targeted therapy of malignant melanoma were summarized, targeted drugscombination therapy and the discovery of new effective targets may become the breakthrough point of melanoma treatment in the nextfew years.