Exosome 介导的细胞通讯在中枢神经系统疾病中的研究进展

Exosome(胞外体)是一种可由多种细胞分泌的纳米级膜性小泡,直径为40~100 nm,其中含有细胞特异性的信号分子、蛋白质、m RNA和mi RNA。这些成分因为有脂质膜的保护而具有充分的生物学活性,可以在细胞与细胞之间进行信息传递,从而有效发挥对受体细胞的调节作用。本文综述了近几年关于exosomes的研究成果,从exosome的基本特征、生物学功能、exosomes介导的细胞通讯在中枢神经系统疾病发病机制及治疗潜能四个方面,对exosomes的研究现状作一介绍,旨在探讨exosomes在细胞通讯研究中所面临的问题,为以exosomes作为调节靶点治疗中枢神经系统疾病提供理论参考。

Research Progress of Exosomes-mediated Cell-cell Communications inCentral Nervous SystemDisease

Exosomes (extracellular) are kinds of nano-membrane vesicles secreted by many types of cells, with the diameter of40 ~ 100 nm, and some -cell-specific molecules such as proteinsmRNAs and miRNA in the exosomes are surrounded by lipid membrane.Consequently, the exosomes can transfer signal between cells and play a role in the regulation of recipient cells. We summarized the researchresults of exosomes and reviewed the recent progress of exosomes fromthe following four aspects was reviewed in this article: thebasic characteristics of exosomes, the biological function of exosomes, exosomes mediated intercellular communication in the centralnervous system diseases and therapeutic potential. By doing so, we aimed at investigating the problems of exosomes-mediated cell-cellcommunications and providing a theoretical reference for exosomes as a regulatory target for the treatment of diseases of the central nervoussystem.