《生物多样性公约》海洋生物多样性议题的 谈判焦点、影响及我国对策

海洋和沿海生物多样性保护和可持续利用等问题是《生物多样性公约》谈判的重要领域。本文梳理了历次缔约方大会的谈判进程, 认为主要焦点议题包括: (1)应对人类活动和全球气候变化对海洋和沿海生物多样性的影响; (2)海洋和沿海生物多样性保护和可持续利用的工具; (3)海洋保护区及具有重要生态或生物学意义的海域。这些议题的讨论将影响包括全球海洋保护区建设在内的海洋生物多样性保护进程, 也将影响全球海洋生物多样性保护国际制度的建设, 以及沿海国家的社会经济。我国应加强履约谈判的技术支持, 加快涉海相关问题研究, 积极参与相关国际谈判, 并大力宣传我国经验。

Negotiation focus,impacts, and China’s implementation strategies of Marine and Coastal Biodiversity in the Convention on Biological Diversity

Conservation and sustainable use of marine and coastal biodiversity is an important part in the Conservation on Biological Diversity (CBD). By reviewing the course of negotiation, this paper finds that focal issues include: (1) Actions to address the impacts caused by human activities and global change on marine and costal biodiversity; (2) Tools for the conservation and sustainable use of marine and coastal biodiversity resources; and (3) Marine protected areas and Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas (EBSAs). These negotiations may have impacts on marine biodiversity conservation, and the process of establishing a network of global marine protected areas and international marine biodiversity conservation, as well as socioeconomic development in maritime countries. In the future, China should accelerate research on marine related science and technology, become actively involved in the course of negotiations, and publicize achievements in the implementation of the Convention.