巨噬细胞极化的研究进展

巨噬细胞是一群表型和功能均具有高度异质性的免疫细胞。巨噬细胞通过清除并修复受损的细胞和基质来维护组织完整性。巨噬细胞在不同的组织微环境、不同病理条件下,可极化成不同的表型即M1型巨噬细胞(经典活化的巨噬细胞)和M2型巨噬细胞(替代活化的巨噬细胞)。本文将对不同巨噬细胞亚群在抗细菌感染、抗寄生虫感染、哮喘、动脉粥样硬化和肿瘤产生中起到的的保护或致病作用,以及调控巨噬细胞极化的机制进行综述。掌握巨噬细胞极化在不同疾病中的作用以及调控巨噬细胞极化的具体机制,将为疾病的预防、诊断、治疗及药物研发提供新策略。

Advances in the Study of Macrophage Polarization

In terms of both phenotype and function, macrophages have remarkable heterogeneity. Macrophages can maintain theintegrity of tissue by eliminating/repairing damaged cells and matrices. In respond to various environmental cues or under differentpathophysiologic conditions, macrophages can be polarized into different phenotypes that is M1 phenotypes (classical activatedmacrophage)or M2 phenotypes (alternative activated macrophages). The protective and pathogenic functions of the different macrophagesubsets in antimicrobial defence, anti-parasitic immunity, asthma, atherosclerosis, and tumorigenesis and the mechanisms regulatingmacrophage polarization are summarized in this article.Awareness of the function that macrophage polarization played in differentdiseases as well as the mechanisms that control these events may lead to the development of novel strategies for preventing, diagnosingand treating diseases and drug development.