Comparison of object manipulation among 74 species of non-human primates |
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Authors: | Takashi Torigoe |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hiroshima University, 1-1-89 Higashisenda-machi, Naka-ku, 730 Hiroshima, Japan |
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Abstract: | Seventy-four primates species (24 genera of six families) were presented with a nylon rope and a wooden cube, and their subsequent
manipulations were recorded in detail. Five hundreds and six manipulation patterns were distinguished on the basis of the
actions performed, body-parts used and relations to other objects. Inter-specific comparisons revealed three groups: (1) lemurs,
marmosets, spider monkeys and leaf-eaters; (2) Old World monkeys except leaf-eaters; and (3) cebus monkeys and apes. The first
group had the smallest repertoire of manipulations, in which only a few types of actions and body-parts were involved. The
second and third groups had more varied modes of manipulation. Actions such as Roll, Rub and Slide, and use of fingers characterized
these groups. Except for the lesser ape, their manipulations were frequently related with other objects. Moreover, actions
such as Drape, Drop, Strike, Swing and Throw were typical of the third group. The factors producing such inter-specific differences
in manipulations and the relations to tool use are discussed. |
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Keywords: | Object manipulation Inter-specific comparison Phylogency Tool use |
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