A comparative study of galactose oxidase and active site analogs based on QM/MM Car-Parrinello simulations |
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Authors: | U Rothlisberger P Carloni K Doclo M Parrinello |
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Institution: | Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland Tel.: +41-1-6327460 Fax: +41-1-6321090 e-mail: uro@inorg.chem.ethz.ch, CH International School for Advanced Studies, 34014 Trieste, Italy, IT Max-Planck Institut für Festk?rperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, DE
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Abstract: | A parallel study of the radical copper enzyme galactose oxidase (GOase) and a low molecular weight analog of the active site
was performed with dynamical density functional and mixed quantum-classical calculations. This combined approach enables a
direct comparison of the properties of the biomimetic and the natural systems throughout the course of the catalytic reaction.
In both cases, five essential forms of the catalytic cycle have been investigated: the resting state in its semi-reduced (catalytically
inactive) and its oxidized (catalytically active) form, A
semi and A
ox, respectively; a protonated intermediate B; the transition state for the rate-determining hydrogen abstraction step C, and its product D. For A and B the electronic properties of the biomimetic compound are qualitatively very similar to the ones of the natural target. However,
in agreement with the experimentally observed difference in catalytic activity, the calculated activation energy for the hydrogen
abstraction step is distinctly lower for GOase (16 kcal/mol) than for the mimetic compound (21 kcal/mol). The enzymatic transition
state is stabilized by a delocalization of the unpaired spin density over the sulfur-modified equatorial tyrosine Tyr272,
an effect that for geometric reasons is essentially absent in the biomimetic compound. Further differences between the mimic
and its natural target concern the structure of the product of the abstraction step, which is characterized by a weakly coordinated
aldehyde complex for the latter and a tightly bound linear complex for the former.
Received 14 October 1999 · Accepted: 19 January 2000 |
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Keywords: | Galactose oxidase Density functional calculations Quantum classical calculations Copper enzymes Car-Parrinello simulations QM/MM simulations |
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