FISH CONSERVATION IN SOUTH AFRICAN ESTUARIES: PRESSURES,PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

Summary

A review of the conservation status of fish in the estuarine environment around the South African coastline reveals that some species face serious problems associated either with habitat destruction, and its associated biological, physical and chemical components or exploitation. The 65 species considered fall into three categories; truly estuarine species, which are dependent on estuaries for their entire life; marine species dependent on estuaries during the juvenile phase of their life cycle; and marine species whose juveniles occur mainly in estuaries but are also found at sea. Included in the first two categories are 14 species of fish which are on the South African Red Data list. These comprise one species which is endangered, five which are vulnerable and eight which are rare. All groups are considered in relation to factors in estuaries which are affecting their populations. A conservation strategy is suggested for certain estuarine types or for specific estuaries which could ensure the survival of the entire range of estuarine faunas.