Reduced current distribution of Psittacidae on the Mexican Pacific coast: potential impacts of habitat loss and capture for trade |
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Authors: | María Consuelo Marín-Togo Tiberio C Monterrubio-Rico Katherine Renton Yamel Rubio-Rocha Claudia Macías-Caballero Juan Manuel Ortega-Rodríguez Ramón Cancino-Murillo |
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Institution: | (1) Laboratorio de Ecolog?a de Vertebrados Terrestres Prioritarios, Facultad de Biolog?a, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicol?s de Hidalgo, Edificio “R”, Ciudad Universitaria, 58194 Morelia, MICH, Mexico;(2) Estaci?n de Biolog?a Chamela, Instituto de Biolog?a, Universidad Nacional Aut?noma de M?xico, Apto. Postal 21, 48980 San Patricio, JAL, Mexico;(3) Escuela de Biolog?a, Universidad Aut?noma de Sinaloa, Culiac?n, Mexico;(4) Pronatura Chiapas, San Cristobal de las Casas, CHIS, Mexico;(5) Laboratorio de Percepci?n Remota y Sistemas de Informaci?n Geogr?fica, Facultad de Biolog?a, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicol?s de Hidalgo, Edificio “R”, Ciudad Universitaria, 58194 Morelia, MICH, Mexico;(6) Facultad de Biolog?a, Edificio “R” Planta Baja, Ciudad Universitaria, 58040 Morelia, MICH, Mexico |
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Abstract: | Ecological niche models provide useful predictions of species distributions, but may fail to detect reductions in distribution
due to factors other than habitat loss, such as hunting or trade. From 2001 to 2009, we conducted field-surveys along the
Mexican Pacific coast to obtain presence–absence data for nine Psittacidae species. We applied Genetic Algorithm for Rule
set Prediction (GARP) ecological niche modeling, using field-survey presence data to determine the potential current distribution
of each species, and incorporated absence data to delineate extirpation areas. All parrot species showed a reduced current
distribution, ranging from 9.6 to 79% reduction of estimated original distribution. The threatened and endemic species of
Amazona
oratrix, Amazona
finschi, and Forpus
cyanopygius suffered the greatest distribution reduction, higher than previously estimated by habitat-based models, suggesting that capture
for trade may have caused extirpation of these species. The greatest extent of current distribution was occupied by Aratinga
canicularis, Amazona
albifrons and Ara
militaris, which continue to occur throughout most of their original distribution. Amazona
auropalliata, Aratinga
strenua, and Brotogeris
jugularis also occur throughout their restricted distribution in coastal Chiapas, and show a relatively small distribution reduction,
but had the highest proportion of modified lands within their current distributions. Our results highlighted the regions of
coastal Guerrero, northern Nayarit, and southern Sinaloa where parrot species have been extirpated even though GARP models
predicted suitable habitat available. Ideally distribution models should be verified in the field to determine conservation
priorities, and efforts should be directed to maintain populations of species with greatest distribution reductions. |
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