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Variation in exotic and native seed arrival and recruitment of bird dispersed species in subtropical forest restoration and regrowth
Authors:Eve White  Gabrielle Vivian-Smith  Anna Barnes
Affiliation:(1) Alan Fletcher Research Station, Biosecurity Queensland, DPI and F and CRC for Australian Weed Management, P.O. Box 36, Sherwood, QLD, 4075, Australia;(2) Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
Abstract:Invasive bird-dispersed plants often share the same suite of dispersers as co-occurring native species, resulting in a complex management issue. Integrated management strategies could incorporate manipulation of dispersal or establishment processes. To improve our understanding of these processes, we quantified seed rain, recruit and seed bank density, and species richness for bird-dispersed invasive and native species in three early successional subtropical habitats in eastern Australia: tree regrowth, shrub regrowth and native restoration plantings. We investigated the effects of environmental factors (leaf area index (LAI), distance to edge, herbaceous ground cover and distance to nearest neighbour) on seed rain, seed bank and recruit abundance. Propagule availability was not always a good predictor of recruitment. For instance, although native tree seed rain density was similar, and species richness was higher, in native plantings, compared with tree regrowth, recruit density and species richness were lower. Native plantings also received lower densities of invasive tree seed rain than did tree regrowth habitats, but supported a similar density of invasive tree recruits. Invasive shrub seed rain was recorded in highest densities in shrub regrowth sites, but recruit density was similar between habitats. We discuss the role of microsite characteristics in influencing post-dispersal processes and recruit composition, and suggest ways of manipulating these processes as part of an integrated management strategy for bird-dispersed weeds in natural areas.
Keywords:Dispersal  Fleshy-fruited species  Invasive plant  Rainforest  Succession  Seed bank  Seed rain  Weed management
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