生物多样性保护的一个理论框架——生物最小面积概念

稳定而复杂多样的自然生境有利于多样性的形成和保存,剧变并趋于简单化的干扰生境常使多样性丧失。现实中的森林破碎化使区域物种丧失。多样性保护要求具备促使物种能长久生存的生境。生物最小面积概念集中讨论物种长久生存与群落(景观)面积的关系,是多样性保护的最基本的理论基础。根据自然保护实践,提出最小景观,扩充了生物最小面积概念。讨论了生物最小面积概念在建立自然保护区的理论框架、了解被保护生物及其生境的自然特点以及建立更全面的自然保护网络等方面的应用。

A theoretical framework for biodiversity conservation: The concept of biological minimum area

Stable and complex natural environments are favorable to the formation and conservation of biodiversity,while the changing and simplified disturbed environments usually damage biodiversity.A case study in the central Yunnan Province shows that 36 species or 30% of the 119 plant species will go to extinction when the zonal evergreen broad leaved forest is replaced by secondary grasslands.It is required that suitable environments for the species to survive permanently be provided.The concept of biological minimum area,which consists of space minimum,resistance minimum and regeneration minimum,and which deals with relationships between the permanent survival of species and the size of plant community or landscape, is the most fundamental theoretical framework for biodiversity conservation. According to the practices of natural conservation,a concept of minimum landscape is added to the concept of biological minimum area.The author also discusses the applications of the concept of biological minimum area to the management of nature reserves, the investigation of the natural characteristics of the preserved species and their habitats, and the establishments of a more ecologically sound nature reserves network.