Bottomland hardwood forest species responses to flooding regimes along an urbanization gradient |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;2. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China;3. Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014, Finland;4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China;3. State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710048, PR China;4. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China;1. Wetlands and Coastal Ecology Branch, US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, United States;2. Wetland and Aquatic Biogeochemistry Laboratory, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States;1. Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;2. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS – Université de Montpellier – Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier – EPHE – IRD, 34293 Montpellier, France;3. Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale-CNR. Via Salaria km 29.300, 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy;4. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad del País Vasco, Apdo 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain;1. Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, 419 East College Street, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, United States;2. U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, United States;1. School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 203 ABNR Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;2. Resource Science Division, Missouri Department of Conservation, West Plains, MO, USA |
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| Abstract: | Urbanization alters stream hydrology, hence flooding frequency and duration in floodplain wetlands. Potential impacts include shifts in species composition and survival, making restoration and selection of wetland species difficult. Cephalanthus occidentalis, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, and Quercus shumardii seedlings were subjected to experimental flooding regimes typical of floodplain forests in rural and urban settings. Treatments included a rural flood regime with three 7-day floods, an Urban-short flood regime with six 4-day floods, and an Urban-long flood regime with six 10-day floods over a growing season. Specific responses, measured by stem length, leaf area, and leaf, stem, and root biomass, varied between species from different wetland indicator classes. C. occidentalis, a wetland obligate, was well adapted to both urban flooding regimes, whereas productivity of F. pennsylvanica, a facultative wetland species, and Q. shumardii, a facultative species, was significantly reduced by the Urban-long treatment. Growth rates also varied over time, indicating the importance of temporal flooding patterns on species productivity. Because urban flooding regimes directly and selectively alter species productivity, proper restoration methods in urbanizing environments should include species selection based on current and potential future hydrologic conditions and use of reference standards from reference sites subjected to similar urban hydrologic regimes. |
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