Effect of temperature,HRT, vegetation and porous media on removal efficiency of pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;2. Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China;3. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia;4. National Engineering Laboratory of Coal-Fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China;1. Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Department of Applied Ecology, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6, Czech Republic;2. ENKI, o.p.s., Dukelská 145, 379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic;1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;2. School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China;1. Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China;2. Science & Technology, Development Center of Jiangsu Housing and Urban-Rural Department, Nanjing 210013, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to investigate the effect of temperature, hydraulic residence time (HRT), vegetation type and porous media material and grain size on the performance of horizontal subsurface flow (HSF) constructed wetlands treating wastewater, five pilot-scale units of dimensions 3 m in length and 0.75 m in width were operated continuously from January 2004 until January 2006 in parallel experiments. Three units contained medium gravel obtained from a quarry. The other two contained one fine gravel and one cobbles, both obtained from a river bed. The three units with medium gravel were planted one with common reeds and one with cattails, and one was kept unplanted. The other two units were planted with common reeds. Planting and porous media combinations were appropriate for comparison of the effect of vegetation and media type on the function of the system. Synthetic wastewater was introduced in the units. During the operation period, four HRTs (i.e., 6, 8, 14 and 20 days) were used, while wastewater temperatures varied from about 2.0 to 26.0 °C. The removal performance of the constructed wetland units was very good, since it reached on an average 89, 65 and 60% for BOD, TKN and ortho-phosphate (P-PO43−), respectively. All pollutant removal efficiencies showed dependence on temperature. It seems that the 8-day HRT was adequate for acceptable removal of organic matter, TKN and P-PO43− for temperatures above 15 °C. Furthermore, based on statistical testing, cattails, finer media and media obtained from a river showed higher removal efficiencies of TKN and P-PO43−. |
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