tNOX is both necessary and sufficient as a cellular target for the anticancer actions of capsaicin and the green tea catechin (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate

Capsaicin and the principal green tea catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg), target tNOX, a tumor (cancer)-specific surface hydroquinone (NADH) oxidase with protein disulfide-thiol interchange activity (ECTO-NOX protein). Accordingly vector-forced over expression of tNOX in MCF-10A mammary epithelia or COS cells that lack tNOX or in COS cells that underexpress tNOX enhanced the susceptibility of growth and apoptosis to both EGCg and capsaicin. Additionally, the tNOX-transfected MCF-10A cells proliferated in Matrigel, a measure of invasiveness. In contrast, oligomeric antisense tNOX DNA abrogated growth inhibition by EGCg and capsaicin and reduced anchorage-dependent growth of HeLa (human cervical carcinoma) cells that naturally overexpress tNOX. The findings show cell surface expression of tNOX as both necessary and sufficient for the cellular anticancer activities attributed to both EGCg and capsaicin.