三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体和细胞胆固醇外排

胆固醇是细胞质膜的重要组成成分。然而,过多的胆固醇累积可导致细胞中毒。异常的胆固醇胞内迁移与蓄积是造成许多心血管疾病如动脉粥样硬化的分子基础。细胞内胆固醇稳态由胆固醇的吸收、合成及外排等一系列过程调控。在哺乳动物细胞中,调节胆固醇合成、吸收和外排是维持体内胆固醇平衡的必要生理过程。本综述着重概述了三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体(ABC)家族,如ABCA1、ABCG1、ABCG5和ABCG8的细胞功能及生理作用,以及这些转运体在调控胆固醇胞外转运中的分子机制。

The role of ATP-binding cassette transporters in cell cholesterol efflux

Cholesterol, a major component of mammalian cell membranes, plays a critical role in maintain- ing proper membrane permeability and fluidity, as well as cell signaling processes. However, excessive cho- lesterol accumulated in cells is toxic and contributes to the onset of many diseases, such as Tangier＇s disease, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimer＇s disease. In mammalian cells, the regulation of cellular cholesterol homeostasis is controlled by uptake, de novo synthesis, and efftux. In this review, we discussed the physiological roles of ABC transporters including ABCA1, ABCG1, ABCG5, and ABCG8, and how they me- diate cholesterol efflux.