Early-Middle Pleistocene leaves of extinct and extant Proteaceae from western Tasmania, Australia

Fossil leaves of six species of Proteaceae which are no longer native to Tasmania occur in Early Pleistocene sediments at Regatta Point, western Tasmania, Australia. These species probably became extinct during the Early or Middle Pleistocene as the direct or indirect result of glacial/interglacial cycles. Only one extinct species of Proteaceae is known from younger sediments. Leaves of another four species which can be confidently assigned to extant Tasmanian species, and from an extant genus also occur in these sediments. Another extant species occurs in Early Pleistocene sediments at the Huskisson/Marionoak Divide, western Tasmania, and another extant species occurs in Early-Middle Pleistocene sediments at Regatta Point. These fossils imply that the number of species and of genera of Proteaceae in western Tasmania has not increased since the Early Pleistocene, and may have declined. More species of Banksia and Telopea and at least as many species of Orites occurred in Early Pleistocene western Tasmania than now occur in that region. The presence of extant species in the Early Pleistocene suggests that the turnover time of many proteaceous species is of the order of millions of years. Two new species, Telopea strahanensis and Orites truncata , are proposed.