Seasonal variations in colonization dynamics of periphytic protozoa in coastal waters of the Yellow Sea,northern China |
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| Institution: | 1. The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China;2. Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Youyi Xilu 127, 710072 Xi’an, China;1. Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Troy University, Troy, AL 36082, USA;2. College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA;1. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovi?ova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;2. Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;1. Department of Biology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea;2. Institute of Science-Gifted Education, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea;1. Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;2. Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China;3. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea;4. Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise 83725, USA;5. Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China |
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| Abstract: | The colonization features of periphytic protozoa have proved to be a useful tool for indicating water quality status in aquatic ecosystems. In order to reveal the seasonal variations in colonization dynamics of the protozoa, a 1-year baseline survey was carried out in coastal waters of the Yellow Sea, northern China. Using glass slides as artificial substrates, a total of 240 slides were collected at a depth of 1 m in four seasons after colonization periods of 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28 days. A total of 122 ciliate species were identified with 21 dominant species. The colonization dynamics of the protozoa were well fitted to the MacArthur-Wilson and logistic models in all four seasons (P < 0.05). However, the equilibrium species numbers (Seq), colonization rates (G), and the time to 90% Seq (T90%) represented a clear seasonal variability: (1) more or less similar levels in spring and autumn (Seq = 29/23; G = 0.301/0.296; T90%=7.650/7.779); (2) with a significant difference in summer and winter (Seq = 32/121; G = 0.708/0.005; T90% = 3.252/479.705). Multivariate approaches demonstrated that the exposure time for the species composition and community structure of the protozoa to an equilibrium period were 10–14 days in spring and autumn, but less and more time periods were needed in summer and winter, respectively. Based on the results, we suggest that the colonization dynamics of periphytic protozoa were different within four seasons, and an optimal sampling strategy for monitoring surveys should be modified during different seasons in marine ecosystems. |
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| Keywords: | Aquatic ecosystems Bioassessment Colonization features Periphytic protozoa Seasonal variation |
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