Anti-diabetic properties of genistein-chromium (III) complex in db/db diabetic mice and its sub-acute toxicity evaluation in normal mice |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, China;2. Beijing Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China;3. Cancer Institute, Fudan University Cancer Hospital and Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China;1. Consultants unit, Research and Consulting Institute, King Faisal University, P.O Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;2. Sudan Atomic Energy Commission, Khartoum, Sudan;3. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia;4. Research Center for Advance Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 1413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia;5. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;6. Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Center, Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany;1. Clinical Medical College, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China;2. Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China;3. Department of Oncology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China;4. Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China;1. School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China;2. Guizhou Orthopedics Hospital, Guiyang, 550007, China;1. Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China;2. Animal Laboratory, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China;1. Synovial Fluid Laboratory, National Institute of Rehabilitation “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Calzada México-Xochimilco No. 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, C.P. 14389, Mexico City, Mexico;2. Orthopedic Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Service, National Institute of Rehabilitation, Calzada México-Xochimilco No. 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, C.P. 14389, Mexico City, Mexico;3. Department of Natural Resources, Geophysics Institute-UNAM. Circuito de la investigación Científica s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Cd. Universitaria, C.P. 04150, Mexico City, Mexico;4. ICP-MS Laboratory, Geophysics Institute-UNAM. Circuito de la investigación Científica s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico;5. Microscopy Laboratory, National Institute of Rehabilitation “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Calzada México-Xochimilco No. 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, C.P. 14389, Mexico City, Mexico;6. Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Unit, National Institute Rehabilitation “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Calzada México-Xochimilco No. 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, C.P. 14389, Mexico City, Mexico;7. Department of Adult Joint Reconstruction, National Rehabilitation Institute, Calzada México-Xochimilco No. 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, C.P. 14389, Mexico City, Mexico;8. Renal Toxicology Laboratory, Cinvestav, Av. Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P. 07360, Mexico City, Mexico;9. Department of Toxicology, Cinvestav. Av. Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P. 07360, Mexico City, Mexico;10. Department of Animal Nutrition, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran. Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Secc. 16, C.P. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico;1. National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Beijing 100190, China;2. Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundIn this study, chromium (III) complex was synthesized from genistein (GEN) which had good hypoglycemic activity and inorganic chromium (III) element, and its hypoglycemic activity and sub-acute toxicity were studied.MethodsThe genistein-chromium (III) complex was synthesized by chelating chromium with genistein in ethanol and its structure was determined by LC–MS, atomic absorption spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, elemental and thermodynamic analysis. The anti-diabetic activity of the complex was assessed in db/db mice and C57 mice by daily oral gavage for 4 weeks. The sub-acute toxicity test was carried out on KM mice with this complex.ResultsThe molecular structure of this complex was inferred as a complex [CrGEN3] formed by three ligands and one chromium element. The complex could significantly improve the body weight of db/db mice, fasting blood glucose, random blood glucose, organ index, glycogen levels and the performance of OGTT (Oral Glucose Tolerance Test) and ITT (Insulin Tolerance Test) in db/db mice (p < 0.05). The morphology of liver, kidney, pancreas and skeletal muscle also had obviously improvement and repairment. Effects on serum indices and antioxidant enzymes activities of db/db mice showed that the serum profiles and antioxidant ability of complex group had significant improvement compared with the diabetic control group (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), and some indices even returned to normal levels. In addition, this complex did not produce any hazardous symptoms or deaths in sub-acute toxicity test. High dose of [CrGEN3] had no significant influence on serum indices and antioxidant capacity in normal mice, and the organ tissues maintained organized and integrity in the sub-acute toxicity study.ConclusionThe study of the genistein-chromium (III) complex showed that the complex had good hypoglycemic activity in vivo, and did not have the potential toxicity. These results would provide an important reference for the development of functional hypoglycemic foods or pharmaceuticals. |
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| Keywords: | Genistein Chromium complex Hypoglycemic activity Sub-acute toxicity |
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