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By-Products of Zea mays L.: A Promising Source of Medicinal Properties with Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities: A Comprehensive Review |
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| Authors: | Yunqiang Zhang Jianyu Liu Lu Guan Dongxue Fan Feiruo Xia Andong Wang Ying Bao Yongnan Xu |
| Affiliation: | 1. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016 China Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016 China These authors contributed equally to this work.;2. Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016 China School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016 P. R. China These authors contributed equally to this work.;3. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016 China Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016 China;4. Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016 China School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016 China;5. School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001 P. R. China;6. Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016 China |
| Abstract: | Zea mays (Z. mays) is one of the main cereal crops in the world, and it′s by-products have exhibited medicinal properties to explore. This article intends to review the chemical compositions and pharmacological activities of by-products of Z. mays (corn silks, roots, bract, stems, bran, and leaves) which support the therapeutic potential in the treatment of different diseases, with emphasis on the natural occurring compounds and detailed pharmacological developments. Based on this review, 231 natural compounds are presented. Among them, flavonoids, terpenes, phenylpropanoids, and alkaloids are the most frequently reported. The by-products of Z. mays possess diuretic effects, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, plant protection activity, and other activities. This article reviewed the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Z. mays for comprehensive quality control and the safety and effectiveness to enhance future application. |
| Keywords: | Zea mays by-products phytochemistry pharmacology extraction methods |