Morphology and phylogeny of four marine or brackish water spirotrich ciliates (Protozoa,Ciliophora) from China,with descriptions of two new species |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China;2. Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China;3. Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK;4. College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China;5. Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China;6. Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China;7. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China;1. Technical University of Denmark, National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU Aqua), Kemitorvet, Bygning 201, DK 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;2. Nørrebrogade 52a 5th, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark;1. Laboratory of Protozoological Biodiversity and Evolution in Wetland, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China;2. Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;3. Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;1. Laboratory of Protozoology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China;2. The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China;3. Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;4. Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Rd., London SW7 5BD, UK;1. Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity and Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;2. School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;3. Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China;4. Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK;1. Department of Biology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Zoology, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt;3. Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea;4. Institute of Science-Gifted Education, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea;1. Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;3. Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China;4. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China;5. Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK;6. Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China |
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| Abstract: | In this study, we investigated the morphology and molecular phylogeny of four marine or brackish spirotrichean ciliates found in China, namely: Caryotricha sinica sp. nov., Prodiscocephalus orientalis sp. nov., P. cf. borrori, and Certesia quadrinucleata. Caryotricha sinica is characterized by its small size, seven cirral rows extending posteriorly to about 65% of the cell length, and four transverse cirri. Prodiscocephalus orientalis differs from its congeners mainly by the number of cirri in the “head” region and on the ventral side. The SSU rDNA sequence of P. cf. borrori differs from that of other population of P. borrori by ca. 40 bp. Consequently, the nominal species P. borrori is considered to be a species-complex. New data are provided for Certesia quadrinucleata. The Chinese population of C. quadrinucleata, for example, has fewer left marginal cirri than the other populations for which such data are available. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA sequence data show that the genus Caryotricha is monophyletic. All typical “discocephalids” with a discoid “head” form a strongly supported clade that is sister to the unstable uronychiids + pseudoamphisiellids clade within the Euplotia. The genus Certesia forms a sister group to the Euplotes clade, also within the Euplotia assemblage. |
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| Keywords: | Discocephalida Euplotia Hypotrichia Phylogeny Taxonomy |
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