Morphology,morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of a new freshwater ciliate,Gonostomum jangbogoensis n. sp. (Ciliophora,Hypotricha), from Victoria Land,Antarctica |
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| Institution: | 1. Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, South Korea;2. Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea;3. Department of Biological Resources Research, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, South Korea;4. Department of Biology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea;1. Department of Biology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea;2. Consulting Engineering Office for Ecology, Radetzkystrasse 10, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;1. Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, South Korea;2. Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea;3. Institute of Life Science & Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea;4. Department of Biology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea;5. Consulting Engineering Office for Ecology, Radetzkystrasse 10, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;1. Bournemouth University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole BH12 5BB, UK;2. Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, C/José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain;3. Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Catherine Cookson Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;4. School of Agriculture and Aquaculture, Tra Vinh University, No. 126, Nguyen Thien Thanh St., Ward 5, Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam;1. Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;2. School of Ocean, Yantai Academy, China Agricultural University, Yantai 264670, China;3. School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;4. Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, China;5. Zoology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;1. Laboratory of Protozoological Biodiversity and Evolution in Wetland, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China;2. Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;3. Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;1. Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity and Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;2. School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;3. Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China;4. Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK |
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| Abstract: | In a study on ciliate diversity, we discovered the new hypotrich species, Gonostomum jangbogoensis n. sp., in freshwater from Terra Nova Bay, Victoria Land, southeast Antarctica. We describe its morphology and morphogenesis using standard methods, and the SSU rRNA gene phylogeny is provided as well. Morphology of Gonostomum jangbogoensis n. sp. is characterized as follows: slender to elongated body shape; grayish under low magnification; cortical granules present; 32–41 adoral membranelles; 3 enlarged frontal cirri; 1 buccal cirrus; 2 frontoterminal cirri; 3 or 4 frontoventral cirral pairs, 2 pretransverse cirri, 6–7 transverse cirri; 13–19 left and 18–26 right marginal cirri; 17–23 paroral kinetids; 3 dorsal kineties; 3 caudal cirri; 2 macronuclear nodules with 1–3 micronuclei. The morphogenesis of the new species confirms that it has at least seven frontal-ventral-transverse cirral anlagen, which is also reported in Gonostomum sp. 1 sensu Shin from Korea. Even though these two populations occur very far from each other, the morphometric data prove that this character state, the seven cirral anlagen, is a stable feature across these populations and might be an apomorphy. The phylogenetic analyses show that the genus Gonostomum is non-monophyletic and that the new species is a sister to G. bromelicola. |
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| Keywords: | Ciliophora Gonostomatidae Ontogenesis SSU rRNA gene Taxonomy |
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