Spirotrichonymphea (Parabasalia) symbionts of the termite Paraneotermes simplicicornis |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Microbiota, College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China;2. Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;3. College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;4. Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China;1. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovi?ova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;2. Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;1. University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, Institute of Zoology, General Ecology, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany;2. Technical University of Denmark, National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU Aqua), Kemitorvet, Bygning 201, DK 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark;1. Laboratory of Protozoological Biodiversity and Evolution in Wetland, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China;2. Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;1. Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis UrB RAS, Center of Shared Scientific Equipment, Orenburg 460000, Russia;2. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok 152742, Russia;3. AquaBioSafe Laboratory, University of Tyumen, Tyumen 625003, Russia;4. St. Petersburg State University, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia;5. Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Protistology, Zoological Institute RAS, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia |
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| Abstract: | The desert dampwood termite Paraneotermes simplicicornis harbors several species of obligately symbiotic protists that support its nutrition by fermenting lignocellulose. Among them are three morphotypes with the dexiotropic spiraling flagellar bands characteristic of Spirotrichonymphea (Parabasalia). The largest morphotype, characterized by an elongated cell apex with axial columella and internally positioned spiraling flagellar bands, was previously described as Spirotrichonympha polygyra. A smaller morphotype, with similarly internalized flagellar bands but a more rounded posterior without a protruding axostyle, was previously reported but not named. The smallest morphotype has surface flagellar bands and can attach to other protist cells by its apex. In this study, we combine light microscopy of live specimens and 18S rRNA gene sequencing of individually isolated cells to better understand the diversity of symbionts in P. simplicicornis. We found that S. polygyra branches distantly from true Spirotrichonympha, which are associated with Reticulitermes termites. Thus, we propose the new genus Cuppa to accommodate C. polygyra n. comb. (type species) and the similar but smaller morphotype Cuppa taenia n. sp. The undescribed smallest morphotype can be excluded from all previously described Spirotrichonymphea genera by molecular and behavioral evidence, so we propose Fraterculus simplicicornis n. gen., n. sp., to accommodate this organism. |
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| Keywords: | Evolution Symbiosis Taxonomy Termite |
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