The Golgi apparatus and cell polarity: Roles of the cytoskeleton,the Golgi matrix,and Golgi membranes |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 rue d’Ulm F-75005, Paris, France;2. Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 rue d’Ulm F-75005, Paris, France;3. Institut Pasteur, CNRS, UMR 3691, 25 rue du Docteur Roux F-75014, Paris, France;1. Cellbiocontrol Laboratory, Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea;2. Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea;1. Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250001, China;2. Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China;1. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;2. Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;1. Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy;2. Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Membrane trafficking plays a crucial role in cell polarity by directing lipids and proteins to specific subcellular locations in the cell and sustaining a polarized state. The Golgi apparatus, the master organizer of membrane trafficking, can be subdivided into three layers that play different mechanical roles: a cytoskeletal layer, the so-called Golgi matrix, and the Golgi membranes. First, the outer regions of the Golgi apparatus interact with cytoskeletal elements, mainly actin and microtubules, which shape, position, and orient the organelle. Closer to the Golgi membranes, a matrix of long coiled–coiled proteins not only selectively captures transport intermediates but also participates in signaling events during polarization of membrane trafficking. Finally, the Golgi membranes themselves serve as active signaling platforms during cell polarity events. We review here the recent findings that link the Golgi apparatus to cell polarity, focusing on the roles of the cytoskeleton, the Golgi matrix, and the Golgi membranes. |
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| Keywords: | Trafficking Microtubules Actin Signaling Golgin Centrosome Forces Mechanics Cell migration |
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