The role of extracellular matrix in biomechanics and its impact on bioengineering of cells and 3D tissues |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Women''s Health, Research Institute of Women''s Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany;2. Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany;3. Cluster of Excellence IFIT (EXC 2180), “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany;4. Dept. of Medicine/Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA |
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| Abstract: | The cells and tissues of the human body are constantly exposed to exogenous and endogenous forces that are referred to as biomechanical cues. They guide and impact cellular processes and cell fate decisions on the nano-, micro- and macro-scale, and are therefore critical for normal tissue development and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Alterations in the extracellular matrix composition of a tissue combined with abnormal mechanosensing and mechanotransduction can aberrantly activate signaling pathways that promote disease development. Such processes are therefore highly relevant for disease modelling or when aiming for the development of novel therapies.In this mini review, we describe the main biomechanical cues that impact cellular fates. We highlight their role during development, homeostasis and in disease. We also discuss current techniques and tools that allow us to study the impact of biomechanical cues on cell and tissue development under physiological conditions, and we point out directions, in which in vitro biomechanics can be of use in the future. |
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| Keywords: | Organ-on-a-Chip In vitro test systems Biomaterials Tissue engineering Regenerative medicine |
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