Lights,cytoskeleton, action: Optogenetic control of cell dynamics |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;2. Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands;1. Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;3. Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA;1. Laboratoire Physico-Chimie, Institut Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR168, Paris-Science Lettres, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France;2. Center for Studies in Physics and Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York;3. Institut de Biologie de l''École Normale Supérieure, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France;1. Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;2. BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;1. Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 15 Innovation Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia;2. European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, 15 Innovation Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia;3. Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Cell biology is moving from observing molecules to controlling them in real time, a critical step towards a mechanistic understanding of how cells work. Initially developed from light-gated ion channels to control neuron activity, optogenetics now describes any genetically encoded protein system designed to accomplish specific light-mediated tasks. Recent photosensitive switches use many ingenious designs that bring spatial and temporal control within reach for almost any protein or pathway of interest. This next generation optogenetics includes light-controlled protein–protein interactions and shape-shifting photosensors, which in combination with live microscopy enable acute modulation and analysis of dynamic protein functions in living cells. We provide a brief overview of various types of optogenetic switches. We then discuss how diverse approaches have been used to control cytoskeleton dynamics with light through Rho GTPase signaling, microtubule and actin assembly, mitotic spindle positioning and intracellular transport and highlight advantages and limitations of different experimental strategies. |
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| Keywords: | Cell dynamics Cytoskeleton dynamics Microtubule Actin Optogenetics LOV2 Cry2 PhyB VVD Rho GTPase Microscopy Motor proteins Light Photoactivation |
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