Morpho-functional alterations in lymphocytes and erythrocytes of Japanese quail due to prolonged in vivo exposure to heavy metal complexes |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt;2. Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt;3. Department of Clinical biochemistry and molecular biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt;4. Department of Family medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt;1. Unité de biochimie hormonale et nutritionnelle, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, 38043, Grenoble cedex 9, France;2. Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Roma (I), Italy;3. Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Nutrition et Métabolisme, Hôpital Brabois, CHRU Nancy, 5 rue du Morvan, 54511 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France;4. Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, IML. IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos 1, 28040, Madrid, Spain;5. Programas de Garantía Externa de la Calidad para Laboratorios Clínicos, Sociedad Española de Medicina de Laboratorio (SEQC-ML), Padilla 323, despacho 68, 08025 Barcelona, Spain;6. MCA Laboratorium, Streekziekenhuis Koningin Beatrix, Beatrixpark 1, Postbus 9005, 7100 GG Winterswijk, the Netherlands;7. Laboratoire de Biochimie Toxicologie, CHU de Rennes, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes cedex 9, France;1. School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518100, China;2. Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, 518020, China;3. Physicochemical Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China;4. Shenzhen Qilinshan Sanatorium, Shenzhen, 518055, China;5. Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, 510080, China;1. Chair of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Poland;2. Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland;3. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics, Medical University of Lublin, Poland;1. Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143 St., 90-236, Lodz, Poland;2. Department of Molecular Biophysics, Division of Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143 St., 90-236, Lodz, Poland;3. Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143 St., 90-236, Lodz, Poland |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundLead and cadmium are significant environmental pollutants that cause pathophysiological responses in many organs. Heavy metal absorption into many tissues is very fast due to a pronounced affinity for metallothioneins.MethodJapanese quail were exposed to different concentrations of metals (cadmium 0.20 mg/L and lead 0.25 and 0.50 mg/L) for 20 days. Erythrocytes (normal and hemolyzed) and lymphocytes (normal and altered) were monitored in this study. The analysis observed the percentage of normal and altered cells, as well as erythrocyte surface area. Cell counts were analyzed using light microscopy, while surface area and cytological changes in cells and nuclei were analyzed using licensed software.ResultsDifferent concentrations of metals have caused erythrocyte hemolysis as well as structural and morphological alterations in lymphocytes. Destruction of cell and nucleus membrane, changes in cell size, erythrocyte denucleation and reduced erythrocyte surface area were observed. Cadmium has caused erythrocyte hemolysis (29.30 %) and lymphocyte damage (92.10 %). Higher doses of lead resulted in greater damage to lymphocytes (63 %). Also, treatment with higher dose of lead produced a higher percentage of hemolyzed erythrocytes (19.20 %) in comparison to lower dose (9.90 %).ConclusionThe toxicity of heavy metals leads to reduced maturation of the blast, which causes the appearance of immature cells in peripheral circulation and severe destruction of blood cell membranes. Erythrocyte hemolysis can lead to anemia, while lymphocyte damage can lead to lymphocytopenia. |
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| Keywords: | Toxicity Heavy metals Quail Erythrocyte hemolysis Agglutination Cell degradation |
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